Italian Game Classical Variation Advanced Pawn Chess Puzzles

In the Italian Game Classical Variation, White usually develops with 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 and then meets ...Nf6 with 4.c3, preparing d4. The advanced pawn motif here is the central pawn thrust to d4, where White gains space and challenges Black’s setup before the position fully settles.